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Research ArticleArticles

Organomineralization of proto-dolomite by a phototrophic microbial mat extracellular polymeric substances: Control of crystal size and its implication for carbonate depositional systems

Carlos Paulo, Judith A. Mckenzie, Basirath Raoof, Jörg Bollmann, Roberta Fulthorpe, Christian J. Strohmenger and Maria Dittrich
American Journal of Science January 2020, 320 (1) 72-95; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2475/01.2020.05
Carlos Paulo
* University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
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  • For correspondence: mdittrich@utsc.utoronto.ca
Judith A. Mckenzie
** ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Basirath Raoof
* University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
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Jörg Bollmann
*** University of Toronto, Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B1
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Roberta Fulthorpe
* University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
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Christian J. Strohmenger
§ ExxonMobil Research Qatar, Doha, Qatar (present address ExxonMobil Upstream Integrated Solutions, 22777 Springwoods Village Parkway, Spring, Texas, USA)
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Maria Dittrich
* University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
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Abstract

Many have postulated that a specific microbial metabolism or the presence of microbes or/and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can lead to the formation of dolomite. Although now there is the consensus that dolomite can be formed in the presence of microorganisms, the exact nature of the involvement of microbes in the dolomite nucleation remains a matter of debate. The focus is now in understanding how microbial mats determine the mineralogy of dolomite. Here we report the effect of the EPS extracted from phototrophic microbial mat isolated from a sabkha in Qatar dominated by cyanobacteria (Lyngbya aestuarii) in the formation of dolomite precursors at 25 °C and 40 °C. Both the temperature and the presence of EPS impact the size and morphology of minerals, promoting spherulitic and dumbbell growth in sulfate free solutions. The formation of proto-dolomite was enhanced by the abundance of carboxylated molecules in EPS which controlled the polymorphism of carbonates. Our study emphasizes the dual importance of organic matter and temperature in dolomite formation and their impact on mineral morphology and chemical composition in sabkhas.

  • microbial carbonates
  • cyanobacteria
  • extrapolymeric substances
  • Raman spectroscopy
  • carboxyl
  • spherulites
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American Journal of Science: 320 (1)
American Journal of Science
Vol. 320, Issue 1
1 Jan 2020
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Organomineralization of proto-dolomite by a phototrophic microbial mat extracellular polymeric substances: Control of crystal size and its implication for carbonate depositional systems
Carlos Paulo, Judith A. Mckenzie, Basirath Raoof, Jörg Bollmann, Roberta Fulthorpe, Christian J. Strohmenger, Maria Dittrich
American Journal of Science Jan 2020, 320 (1) 72-95; DOI: 10.2475/01.2020.05

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Organomineralization of proto-dolomite by a phototrophic microbial mat extracellular polymeric substances: Control of crystal size and its implication for carbonate depositional systems
Carlos Paulo, Judith A. Mckenzie, Basirath Raoof, Jörg Bollmann, Roberta Fulthorpe, Christian J. Strohmenger, Maria Dittrich
American Journal of Science Jan 2020, 320 (1) 72-95; DOI: 10.2475/01.2020.05
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Keywords

  • microbial carbonates
  • cyanobacteria
  • extrapolymeric substances
  • Raman spectroscopy
  • carboxyl
  • spherulites

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