Research ArticleArticles

Early Cenozoic evolution of topography, climate, and stable isotopes in precipitation in the North American Cordillera

Ran Feng, Christopher J. Poulsen, Martin Werner, C. Page Chamberlain, Hari T. Mix and Andreas Mulch
American Journal of Science September 2013, 313 (7) 613-648; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2475/07.2013.01

REFERENCES

    1. Andreasson F. P.,
    2. Schmitz B.
    , 1998, Tropical Atlantic seasonal dynamics in the Early Middle Eocene from stable oxygen and carbon isotope profiles of mollusk shells: Paleoceanography, v. 13, n. 2, p. 183–192, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98PA00120
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
    1. Andreasson F. P.,
    2. Schmitz B.
    , 2000, Temperature seasonality in the early middle Eocene North Atlantic region: Evidence from stable isotope profiles of marine gastropod shells: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, n. 4, p. 628–640, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112〈628:TSITEM〉2.0.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  3. ↵
    1. Barker P. F.,
    2. Diekmann B.,
    3. Escutia C.
    , 2007, Onset of Cenozoic Antarctic glaciation: Deep-Sea Research II, v. 54, n. 21–22, p. 2293–2307, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.07.027
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Beerling D. J.,
    2. Royer D. L.
    , 2011, Convergent Cenozoic CO2 history: Nature Geoscience, v. 4, p. 418–420, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1186
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  5. ↵
    1. Bice K. L.,
    2. Scotese C. R.,
    3. Seidov D.,
    4. Barron E. J.
    , 2000, Quantifying the role of geographic change in Cenozoic ocean heat transport using uncoupled atmosphere and ocean models: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 161, n. 34, p. 295–310, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00072-9
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRef
  6. ↵
    1. Blisniuk P. M.,
    2. Stern L. A.
    , 2005, Stable isotope paleoaltimetry: A critical review: American Journal of Science, v. 305, n. 10, p. 1033–1074, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.305.10.1033
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  7. ↵
    1. Bolton D.
    , 1980, The computation of equivalent potential temperature: Monthly Weather Review, v. 108, p. 1046–1053, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108〈1046:TCOEPT〉2.0.CO;2
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  8. ↵
    1. Bowen G. J.,
    2. Daniels A. D.,
    3. Bowen B. B.
    , 2008, Paleoenvironmental isotope geochemistry and paragenesis of lacustrine and palustrine carbonates, Flagstaff Formation, Central Utah, U.S.A.: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 78, n. 3, p. 162–174, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2008.021
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  9. ↵
    1. Bown T. M.,
    2. Kraus M. J.
    , 1981, Lower Eocene alluvial paleosols (Willwood Formation, Northwest Wyoming, U.S.A.) and their significance for paleoecology, palcoclimatology and basin analysis: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 34, p. 1–30, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(81)90056-0
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRef
    1. Brinkhuis H.,
    2. Schouten S.,
    3. Collinson M. E.,
    4. Sluijs A.,
    5. Sinninghe-Damsté J. S.,
    6. Dickens G. R.,
    7. Huber M.,
    8. Cronin T. M.,
    9. Onodera J.,
    10. Takahashi K.,
    11. Bujak J. P.,
    12. Stein R.,
    13. van der Burgh J.,
    14. Eldrett J. S.,
    15. Harding I. C.,
    16. Lotter A. F.,
    17. Sangiorgi F.,
    18. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert H.,
    19. de Leeuw J. W.,
    20. Matthiessen J.,
    21. Backman J.,
    22. Moran K.
    , the Expedition 302 Scientists, 2006, Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean: Nature, v. 441, p. 606–609, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04692
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefPubMedWeb of Science
  11. ↵
    1. Chamberlain C. P.,
    2. Mix H. T.,
    3. Mulch A.,
    4. Hren M. T.,
    5. Kent-Corson M. L.,
    6. Davis S. J.,
    7. Horton T. W.,
    8. Graham S. A.
    , 2012, The Cenozoic climatic and topographic evolution of the Western North America Cordillera: American Journal of Science, v. 312, n. 2, p. 213–262, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/02.2012.05
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. ↵
    1. Crowley T. J.,
    2. Burke K.
    1. Chase C. G.,
    2. Gregory-Wodzicki K. M.,
    3. Parrish-Jones J. T.,
    4. DeCelles P. G.
    , 1998, Topographic history of the western Cordillera of North America and controls on climate, in Crowley T. J., Burke K. , editors, Tectonic boundary conditions for climate model simulations: New York, Oxford University Press, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics, p. 73–99.
  13. ↵
    1. Clark M. K.
    , 2007, The significance of paleotopography: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 66, n. 1, p. 1–21, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2007.66.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  14. ↵
    1. Clementz M. T.,
    2. Sewall J. O.
    , 2011, Latitudinal gradients in greenhouse seawater δ18O: Evidence from Eocene Sirenian tooth enamel: Science, v. 332, n. 6028, p. 455–458, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1201182
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  15. ↵
    1. Cook K. H.,
    2. Edward E. K.,
    3. Launer Z. S.,
    4. Patricola C. M.
    , 2008, Springtime intensification of the Great Plains low-level jet and Midwest precipitation in GCM simulations of the twenty-first century: Journal of Climate, v. 21, p. 6321–6340, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2355.1
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  16. ↵
    1. Davis S. J.,
    2. Mix H. T.,
    3. Wiegand B. A.,
    4. Carroll A. R.,
    5. Chamberlain C. P.
    , 2009, Synorogenic evolution of large-scale drainage patterns: Isotope paleohydrology of sequential Laramide basins: American Journal of Science, v. 309, n. 7, p. 549–602, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/07.2009.02
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  17. ↵
    1. DeCelles P. G.
    , 2004, Late Jurassic to Eocene evolution of the Cordilleran thrust belt and foreland basin system, western USA: American Journal of Science, v. 304, n. 2, p. 105–168, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.2.105
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  18. ↵
    1. Dettman D. L.,
    2. Lohmann K. C.
    , 2000, Oxygen isotope evidence for high-altitude snow in the Laramide Rocky Mountains of North America during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene: Geology, v. 28, n. 3, p. 243–246, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28〈243:OIEFHS〉2.0.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  19. ↵
    1. Dickinson W. R.
    , 2004, Evolution of the North American cordillera: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 32, p. 13–45, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120257
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  20. ↵
    1. Dickinson W. R.,
    2. Klute M. A.,
    3. Hayes M. J.,
    4. Janecke S. U.,
    5. Lundin E. R.,
    6. McKittrick M. A.,
    7. Olivares M. D.
    , 1988, Paleogeographic and paleotectonic setting of Laramide sedimentary basins in the central Rocky Mountain region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, n. 7, p. 1023–1039, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100〈1023:PAPSOL〉2.3.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  21. ↵
    1. Dirmeyer P. A.,
    2. Brubaker K. L.
    , 1999, Contrasting evaporative moisture sources during the drought of 1988 and the flood of 1993: Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres, v. 104, n. D16, p. 19383–19397, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900222
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  22. ↵
    1. Ehlers T. A.,
    2. Poulsen C. J.
    , 2009, Influence of Andean uplift on climate paleoaltimetry estimates: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 281, n. 3–4, p. 238–248, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.026
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  23. ↵
    1. Forte A. M.,
    2. Moucha R.,
    3. Simmons N. A.,
    4. Grand S. P.,
    5. Mitrovica J. X.
    , 2010, Deep-mantle contributions to the surface dynamics of the North American continent: Tectonophysics, v. 481, n. 1–4, p. 3–15, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.06.010
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  24. ↵
    1. Frankenberg C.,
    2. Yoshimura K.,
    3. Warneke T.,
    4. Aben I.,
    5. Butz A.,
    6. Deutscher N.,
    7. Griffth D.,
    8. Hase F.,
    9. Notholt J.,
    10. Schneider M.,
    11. Schrijver H.,
    12. Roeckmann T.
    , 2009, Dynamic Processes Governing Lower-Tropospheric HDO/H2O ratios as observed from space and ground: Science, v. 325, n. 5946, p. 1374–1377, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1173791
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  25. ↵
    1. Fricke H. C.
    , 2003, Investigation of early Eocene water-vapor transport and paleoelevation using oxygen isotope data from geographically widespread mammal remains: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, n. 9, p. 1088–1096, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25249.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  26. ↵
    1. Fricke H. C.,
    2. Wing S. L.
    , 2004, Oxygen isotope and paleobotanical estimates of temperature and δ18O-latitude gradients over North America during the early Eocene: American Journal of Science, v. 304, n. 7, p. 612–635, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.7.612
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  27. ↵
    1. Fricke H. C.,
    2. Foreman B. Z.,
    3. Sewall J. O.
    , 2010, Integrated climate model-oxygen isotope evidence for a North American monsoon during the Late Cretaceous: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 289, p. 11–21, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.018
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  28. ↵
    1. Galewsky J.
    , 2009, Orographic precipitation isotopic ratios in stratified atmospheric flows: Implications for paleoelevation studies: Geology, v. 37, n. 9, p. 791–794, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G30008A.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  29. ↵
    1. Galloway W. E.,
    2. Whiteaker T. L.,
    3. Ganey-Curry P.
    , 2011, History of Cenozoic North American drainage basin evolution, sediment yield, and accumulation in the Gulf of Mexico basin: Geosphere, v. 7, n. 4, p. 938–973, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00647.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Garzione C. N.,
    2. Molnar P.,
    3. Libarkin J. C.,
    4. MacFadden B. J.
    , 2006, Rapid late Miocene rise of the Bolivian Altiplano: Evidence for removal of mantle lithosphere: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 241, n. 3–4, p. 543–556, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.026
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  31. ↵
    1. Gat J. R.
    1. Gat J. R.
    , 2010, Snow and snowmelt processes, in Gat J. R. , Isotope Hydrology: A Study of the Water Cycle: World Scientific, p. 67–69, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848164741_0007
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  32. ↵
    1. Gat J. R.,
    2. Rietti-Shati M.
    , 1999, The meteorological vs. the hydrological altitude effect on the isotopic composition of meteoric waters, in IAEA-CSP2/C, editors, Isotope techniques in water resources development and management: IAEA-Symposium, paper n. SM-361/2.
  33. ↵
    1. Gedzelman S. D.
    , 1988, Deuterium in water vapor above the atmospheric boundary layer: Tellus B, v. 40, n. 2, p. 134–147, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.1988.tb00217.x
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  34. ↵
    1. Greenwood D. R.,
    2. Wing S. L.
    , 1995, Eocene continental climates and latitudinal temperature-gradients: Geology, v. 23, p. 1044–1048, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023〈1044:ECCALT〉2.3.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Hagemann S.
    , 2002, An improved land surface parameter dataset for global and regional climate models: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Report No. 336, p. 21.
  36. ↵
    1. Heinemann M.,
    2. Jungclaus J. H.,
    3. Marotzke J.
    , 2009, Warm Paleocene/Eocene climate as simulated in ECHAM5/MPI-OM: Climate of the Past, v. 5, p. 785–802, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-785-2009
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  37. ↵
    1. Hoffmann G.,
    2. Werner M.,
    3. Heimann M.
    , 1998, Water isotope module of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model—A study on timescales from days to several years: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, n. D14, p. 16871–16896, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JD00423
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  38. ↵
    1. Hoffmann G.,
    2. Jouzel J.,
    3. Masson V.
    , 2000, Stable water isotopes in atmospheric general circulation models: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, n. 8, p. 1385–1406, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085 (20000615)14:8〈1385::AID-HYP989〉3.0.CO;2-1
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Holton J. R.
    , 2004, Moisture variables, in An introduction to dynamic meteorology: Waltham, Massachusetts, Academic press, p. 503.
  40. ↵
    1. Horton T. W.,
    2. Sjostrom D. J.,
    3. Abruzzese M. J.,
    4. Poage M. A.,
    5. Waldbauer J. R.,
    6. Hren M.,
    7. Wooden J.,
    8. Chamberlain C. P.
    , 2004, Spatial and temporal variation of the Cenozoic surface elevation in the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada: American Journal of Science, v. 304, n. 10, p. 862–888, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.10.862
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  41. ↵
    1. Humphreys E. D.
    , 1995, Post-Laramide removal of the Farallon slab, western United States: Geology, v. 23, n. 11, p. 987–990, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023〈0987:PLROTF〉2.3.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  42. ↵
    1. Insel N.,
    2. Poulsen C. J.,
    3. Ehlers T. A.
    , 2009, Influence of the Andes Mountains on South American moisture transport, convection, and precipitation: Climate Dynamics, v. 35, n. 7–8, p. 1477–1492, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0637-1
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  43. ↵
    1. Insel N.,
    2. Poulsen C. J.,
    3. Ehlers T. A.,
    4. Sturm C.
    , 2012, Response of meteoric δ18O to surface uplift—Implications for Cenozoic Andean Plateau growth: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 317–318, p. 262–272, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.039
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Ivany L. C.,
    2. Lohmann K. C.,
    3. Hasiuk F.,
    4. Blake D. B.,
    5. Glass A.,
    6. Aronson R. B.,
    7. Moody R. M.
    , 2008, Eocene climate record of a high southern latitude continental shelf: Seymour Island, Antarctica: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, n. 5–6, p. 659–678, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26269.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  45. ↵
    1. Jeffery M. L.,
    2. Poulsen C. J.,
    3. Ehlers T. A.
    , 2012, Impacts of global cooling, surface uplift and an inland seaway on South American paleoclimate and precipitation δ18O: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 124, n. 3–4, p. 335–351, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30480.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  46. ↵
    1. Jouzel J.,
    2. Merlivat L.
    , 1984, Deuterium and oxygen-18 in precipitation: Modeling of the isotopic effects during snow formation: Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres, v. 89, n. D7, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD07p11749
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  47. ↵
    1. Kharin V. V.,
    2. Zwiers F. W.,
    3. Zhang X.,
    4. Hegerl G. C.
    , 2007, Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in the IPCC ensemble of global coupled model simulations: Journal of Climate, v. 20, p. 1419–1444, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4066.1
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  48. ↵
    1. Koch P. L.,
    2. Zachos J. C.,
    3. Dettman D. L.
    , 1995, Stable isotope stratigraphy and paleoclimatology of the Paleogene Bighorn Basin, (Wyoming, U.S.A.): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 115, n. 1–4, p. 61–89, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)00107-J
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRef
  49. ↵
    1. Kurita N.,
    2. Yoshida N.,
    3. Inoue G.,
    4. Chayanova E. A.
    , 2004, Modern isotope climatology of Russia: A first assessment: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, n. D031023, p. 1984–2012, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003404
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  50. ↵
    1. Lechler A. R.,
    2. Galewsky J.
    , 2013, Refining paleoaltimetry reconstructions of the Sierra Nevada, California, using air parcel trajectories: Geology, v. 41, n. 2, p. 259–262, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G33553.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  51. ↵
    1. Lechler A. R.,
    2. Niemi N. A.
    , 2011, Controls on the spatial variability of modern meteoric δ18O: Empirical constraints from the western US and east Asia and implications for stable isotope studies: American Journal of Science, v. 311, n. 8, p. 664–700, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/08.2011.02
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  52. ↵
    1. Majoube M.
    , 1971, Fractionnement en oxygen 18 et en deuterium entre l'eau et sa vapeur: Journal de Chimie et de Physique, v. 68, n. 10, p. 1423–1436.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
  53. ↵
    1. Mix H. T.,
    2. Mulch A.,
    3. Kent-Corson M. L.,
    4. Chamberlain C. P.
    , 2011, Cenozoic migration of topography in the North American Cordillera: Geology, v. 39, n. 1, p. 87–90, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31450.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  54. ↵
    1. Morrill C.,
    2. Koch P. L.
    , 2002, Elevation or alteration? Evaluation of isotopic constraints on paleoaltitudes surrounding the Eocene Green River Basin: Geology, v. 30, n. 2, p. 151–154, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030〈0151:EOAEOI〉2.0.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  55. ↵
    1. Moser H.,
    2. Stichler W.
    , 1971, Die Verwendung des Deuterium- und Sauerstoff-18-Gehalts bei hydrologischen Untersuchungen: Geologica Bavaria, v. 64, p. 7–35.
    OpenUrl
  56. ↵
    1. Mulch A.,
    2. Graham S. A.,
    3. Chamberlain C. P.
    , 2006, Hydrogen isotopes in Eocene river gravels and paleoelevation of the Sierra Nevada: Science, v. 313, n. 5783, p. 87–89, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1125986
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  57. ↵
    1. Mulch A.,
    2. Teyssier C.,
    3. Cosca M. A.,
    4. Chamberlain C. P.
    , 2007, Stable isotope paleoaltimetry of Eocene Core Complexes in the North American Cordillera: Tectonics, v. 26, n. 4, TC4001, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006TC001995
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  58. ↵
    1. Norris R. D.,
    2. Jones L. S.,
    3. Corfield R. M.,
    4. Cartlidge J. E.
    , 1996, Skiing in the Eocene Uinta Mountains? Isotopic evidence in the Green River Formation for snow melt and large mountains: Geology, v. 24, n. 5, p. 403–403, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024〈0403:SITEUM〉2.3.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Pearson P. N.,
    2. van Dongen B. E.,
    3. Nicholas C. J.,
    4. Pancost R. D.,
    5. Schouten S.,
    6. Singano J. M.,
    7. Wade B. S.
    , 2007, Stable warm tropical climate through the Eocene Epoch: Geology, v. 35, n. 3, p. 211–214, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23175A.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  60. ↵
    1. Peppe D. J.,
    2. Royer D. L.,
    3. Wilf P.,
    4. Kowalski E. A.
    , 2010, Quantification of large uncertainties in fossil leaf paleoaltimetry: Tectonics, v. 29, n. 3, TC3015, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002549
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  61. ↵
    1. Pierrehumbert R. T.
    , 1998, Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, n. 2, p. 151–154, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GL03563
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  62. ↵
    1. Pierrehumbert R. T.,
    2. Yang H.
    , 1993, Global Chaotic Mixing on Isentropic Surfaces: Journal of Atmospheric Science, v. 50, n. 15, p. 2462–2480, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050〈2462:GCMOIS〉2.0.CO;2
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  63. ↵
    1. Poage M. A.,
    2. Chamberlain C. P.
    , 2001, Empirical relationships between elevation and the stable isotope composition of precipitation and surface waters: considerations for studies of paleoelevation change: American Journal of Science, v. 301, n. 1, p. 1–15, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.301.1.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  64. ↵
    1. Poulsen C. J.,
    2. Jeffery M. L.
    , 2011, Climate change imprinting on stable isotopic compositions of high-elevation meteoric water cloaks past surface elevations of major orogens: Geology, v. 39, n. 6, p. 595–598, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32052.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  65. ↵
    1. Barrera E.,
    2. Johnson C. C.
    1. Poulsen C. J.,
    2. Barron E. J.,
    3. Johnson C. C.,
    4. Fawcett P.
    , 1999, Links between major climatic factors and regional oceanic circulation in the mid-Cretaceous, in Barrera E., Johnson C. C. , editors, Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 332, p. 73–89, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2332-9.73
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  66. ↵
    1. Poulsen C. J.,
    2. Ehlers T. A.,
    3. Insel N.
    , 2010, Onset of convective rainfall during gradual Late Miocene rise of the Central Andes: Science, v. 328, n. 5977, p. 490–493, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1185078
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  67. ↵
    1. Risi C.,
    2. Bony S.,
    3. Vimeux F.
    , 2008, Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of precipitation and atmospheric water in the tropics: 2. Physical interpretation of the amount effect: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, D19306, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009943
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  68. ↵
    1. Roeckner E.,
    2. Bäuml G.,
    3. Bonaventura L.,
    4. Brokopf R.,
    5. Esch M.,
    6. Giorgetta M.,
    7. Hagemann S.,
    8. Kirchner I.,
    9. Kornblueh L.,
    10. Manzini E.,
    11. Rhodin A.,
    12. Schlese U.,
    13. Schulzweida U.,
    14. Tompkins A.
    , 2003, The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description: Hamburg, Germany, Max-Planck-Institut für Meterologie, MPI-Rep. v. 349, 140 p.
  69. ↵
    1. Rowley D. B.
    , 2007, Stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry: theory and validation: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 66, n. 1, p. 23–52, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2007.66.2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  70. ↵
    1. Rowley D. B.,
    2. Garzione C. N.
    , 2007, Stable Isotope-based paleoaltimetry: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 35, p. 463–508, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140155
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  71. ↵
    1. Salathé E. P. Jr..
    , 2006, Influences of a shift in North Pacific storm tracks on western North American precipitation under global warming: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, n. 19, L19820, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026882
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  72. ↵
    1. Salati E.,
    2. Dall'Olio A.,
    3. Matsui E.,
    4. Gat J. R.
    , 1979, Recycling of water in the Amazon Basin: An isotopic study: Water Resource Research, v. 15, n. 5, p. 1250–1258, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/WR015i005p01250
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  73. ↵
    1. Schmandt B.,
    2. Humphreys E.
    , 2011, Seismically imaged relict slab from the 55 Ma Siletzia accretion to the northwest United States: Geology, v. 39, n. 2, p. 175–178, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31558.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Schmidt G. A.,
    2. Bigg G. R.,
    3. Rohling E. J.
    , 1999, Global Seawater Oxygen-18 Database—v1.21, doi:http://data.giss.nasa.gov/o18data/
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  75. ↵
    1. Sewall J. O.,
    2. Sloan L. C.
    , 2006, Come a little bit closer: A high-resolution climate study of the early Paleogene Laramide foreland: Geology, v. 34, n. 2, p. 81–84, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22177.1
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Sewall J. O.,
    2. Sloan L. C.,
    3. Huber M.,
    4. Wing S.
    , 2000, Climate sensitivity to changes in land surface characteristics: Global and Planetary Change, v. 26, n. 4, p. 445–465, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00056-4
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  77. ↵
    1. Sherwood S. C.,
    2. Dessler A. E.
    , 2001, A model for transport across the tropical tropopause: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, v. 58, p. 765–779, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058〈0765:AMFTAT〉2.0.CO;2
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  78. ↵
    1. Willett S. D.,
    2. Hovius N.,
    3. Brandon M. T.,
    4. Fisher D. M.
    1. Sjostrom D. J.,
    2. Hren M. T.,
    3. Horton T. W.,
    4. Waldbauer J. R.,
    5. Chamberlain C. P.
    , 2006, Stable isotopic evidence for a pre-late Miocene elevation gradient in the Great Plains–Rocky Mountain region, in Willett S. D., Hovius N., Brandon M. T., Fisher D. M. , editors, Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 398, p. 309–319, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(19)
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  79. ↵
    1. Smoot J. P.
    , 1983, Depositional sub-environments in an arid closed basin; the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation (Eocene), Wyoming, U.S.A: Sedimentology, v. 30, n. 6, p. 801–827, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1983.tb00712.x
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  80. ↵
    1. Werner M.,
    2. Langebroek P. M.,
    3. Carlsen T.,
    4. Herold M.,
    5. Lohmann G.
    , 2011, Stable water isotopes in the ECHAM5 general circulation model: Towards high-resolution isotope modeling on a global scale: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, D15109, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015681
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  81. ↵
    1. Wilf P.,
    2. Wing S. L.,
    3. Greenwood D. R.,
    4. Greenwood C. L.
    , 1998, Using fossil leaves as paleoprecipitation indicators: An Eocene example: Geology, v. 26, n. 3, p. 203–206, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026〈0203:UFLAPI〉2.3.CO;2
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  82. ↵
    1. Wing S. L.,
    2. Greenwood D. R.
    , 1993, Fossils and fossil climate: The case for equable continental interiors in the Eocene: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B, v. 341, n. 1297, p. 243–252, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1993.0109
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  83. ↵
    1. Wolfe J. A.
    , 1994, Tertiary climatic changes at middle latitudes of western North America: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 108, n. 3–4, p. 195–205, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)90233-X
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRef
    1. Iwasuki K.,
    2. Raven P. H.
    1. Wolfe J. A.
    , 1997, Relations of environmental changes to angiosperm evolution during the late Cretaceous and Tertiary, in Iwasuki K., Raven P. H. , editors, Evolution and Diversification of Land Plants: Japan, Springer, p. 269–290, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65918-1_13
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  85. ↵
    1. Wolfe J. A.,
    2. Schorn H. E.,
    3. Forest C. E.,
    4. Molnar P.
    , 1997, Paleobotanical evidence for high altitudes in Nevada during the Miocene: Science, v. 276, p. 1672–1675, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5319.1672
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  86. ↵
    1. Worden J.,
    2. Noone D.,
    3. Bowman K.
    , The Troposheric Emission Spectrometer Science Team and Data Contributors, 2007, Importance of rain evaporation and continental convection in the tropical water cycle: Nature, v. 445, p. 528–532, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05508
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Zachos J. C.,
    2. Stott L. D.,
    3. Lohmann K. C.
    , 1994, Evolution of Early Cenozoic marine temperatures: Paleoceanography, v. 9, n. 2, p. 353–387, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93PA03266
    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
  88. ↵
    1. Zhou J.,
    2. Poulsen C. J.,
    3. Pollard D.,
    4. White T. S.
    , 2008, Simulation of modern and middle Cretaceous marine δ18O with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model: Paleoceanography, v. 23, n. 3, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001596
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  89. ↵
    1. Zimmermann U.,
    2. Ehhalt D.,
    3. Münnich K. O.
    , 1967, Soil water movement and evapotranspiration change in the isotopic composition of the water, in IAEA, editors, Isotopes in Hydrology: Vienna, Austria, Proceedings of the Symposium of Isotopes in Hydrology, p. 567–585.
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Email Article
Citation Tools
Early Cenozoic evolution of topography, climate, and stable isotopes in precipitation in the North American Cordillera
Ran Feng, Christopher J. Poulsen, Martin Werner, C. Page Chamberlain, Hari T. Mix, Andreas Mulch
American Journal of Science Sep 2013, 313 (7) 613-648; DOI: 10.2475/07.2013.01
Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo

Jump to section

Keywords