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American Journal of Science, Vol. 301, December 2001, P.912-944; doi:10.2475/ajs.301.10.912

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Stacking of Nappes with Different Pressure-Temperature Paths: an Example from the Menderes Nappes of Western Turkey

Uwe Ring*, Arne P. Willner** and Wolf Lackmann*

* Institut für Geowissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
** Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany

Pressure-temperature (P-T) paths have been estimated from metapelitic rocks in the lowermost Çine nappe and the directly underlying Bozdag nappe of the Anatolide belt in western Turkey. Peak-metamorphic conditions in the lowermost Çine nappe are 670° to 730°C/~6.2 to 6.3 kb. Prograde garnet (grt I) growth occurred largely before and during the formation of the regional SPA foliation (the suffix ’PA’ indicates a pre-Alpine age). Formation of a second garnet generation (grt II), which discordantly overgrew grt I, followed at 550° to 620°C/~6.4 to 6.5 kb. Peak- metamorphic conditions in the underlying Bozdag nappe vary from 480° to 540°C/6.1 to 7.6 kb at the base to 610° to 660°C/8.5 to 10.8 kb at the top of the nappe and attest to an inverted metamorphic field gradient in the Bozdag nappe. Differential thermody- namic modelling (Gibbs method) yielded a prograde path for garnet growth during the formation of SPA.

Because DPA structures formed during prograde metamorphism, we relate them to crustal shortening, which was associated with a top-to-the-north-northeast shear sense (in present-day coordinates). This event caused deformation of the Çine and Bozdag nappes under different metamorphic conditions. We propose that the Çine nappe was heated by granitoid intrusions before being emplaced above a foreland unit. We speculate that the Bozdag nappe belonged to the lower parts of this foreland unit. Cross-cutting relationships of DPA structures with dated granites indicates an age of ~540 to 550 Ma for this tectonometamorphic event. The final juxtaposition of the Çine nappe and Bozdag nappes and also the inversion of the metamorphic field gradient in the Bozdag nappe occurred during greenschist-facies conditions during the Alpine orogeny in the Eocene.




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